This past week, the media paid attention to Russian President Putin’s arrival in Astana, where he touted ten years of positive bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and Russia, Kazakh Prime Minister Smailov’s announcement to raise Kazakh-Uzbek trade to $10bn and further cooperation between the two countries, the Italian President’s visit to Uzbekistan and subsequent economic, political and people-to-people cooperative deals, the Economic Cooperation Organization meeting in Tashkent and negotiations to improve regional cooperation and logistics, and the statement by UN Secretary-General Guterres to re-integrate Afghanistan into the global community.